By Dr. Abdul Wadud Nafis, LC., MEI
Every October 22, the Indonesian nation commemorates Santri Day as a form of appreciation for the role of santri (students of Islamic boarding schools) and scholars in the struggle to defend independence. However, Santri Day is not just a historical moment; it is an opportunity to reflect on the profound meaning of the spirit of dedication, courage, and sacrifice encapsulated in the Resolution of Jihad, a fatwa issued by KH. Hasyim Asy’ari in 1945.
This fatwa called on Muslims to engage in jihad, not only in a spiritual sense but also in the form of physical struggle against the return of colonizers. Through the Resolution of Jihad, santri, scholars, and the pesantren community stood at the forefront in defending Indonesia’s sovereignty, igniting a resistance that culminated in the great battle in Surabaya, which we recognize as a symbol of heroism and sacrifice.
Understanding the Resolution of Jihad from various perspectives—historical, sociological, anthropological, political, and religious—is a crucial step in grasping how the identity of santri is not only linked to religious education but also plays a central role in nation-building and the defense of independence. Santri are not only fighters in the classroom but also on the battlefield, with the spirit of jihad translated into the context of defending the homeland.
Santri Day is not merely a remembrance of the past; it also affirms that the values of courage, dedication, and struggle instilled in the pesantren remain relevant to this day. The Resolution of Jihad serves as a tangible testament to how religion and nationalism can synergize in realizing the ideals of independence and social justice.
A comprehensive approach to appreciating the Resolution of Jihad in the context of Santri Day involves aspects of history, sociology, anthropology, politics, and religion. Below is an in-depth explanation based on each discipline:
- Historical Approach
The Resolution of Jihad was issued by KH. Hasyim Asy’ari, the leader of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), on October 22, 1945. In Indonesia’s history, the Resolution of Jihad represents a significant moment in the struggle to defend independence. This resolution called on Muslims to defend the homeland as part of their religious duty (jihad) against the Dutch colonizers who attempted to return after the proclamation of independence.
In the context of Santri Day, we remember the role of santri during the independence war, particularly in the Battle of Surabaya led by Bung Tomo. Santri, as part of the resistance movement, played a vital role not only physically on the battlefield but also as motivators of the spirit of jihad fisabilillah (in the path of Allah) in Indonesia’s struggle for independence.
- Sociological Approach
From a sociological perspective, the Resolution of Jihad reflects extraordinary social mobilization. The call for jihad united the pesantren community, santri, and scholars, who were previously seen as part of a religious community, to participate in the national agenda. Socially, this movement demonstrates that the identity of santri is not limited to religious dimensions but is also closely tied to national and political issues.
The Resolution of Jihad exemplifies how religious values are translated into collective social action, where santri and scholars act as agents of social change. This highlights the strength of Muslim community solidarity in facing threats to national sovereignty.
- Anthropological Approach
From an anthropological standpoint, the pesantren as a traditional Islamic educational institution serves as a cultural center that plays a crucial role in shaping the character of santri. The pesantren culture, which emphasizes independence, discipline, and dedication to religion, has produced santri who are ready to sacrifice for the interests of the nation.
Anthropology also considers the local cultural values integrated into the national struggle. In Java, for example, the Resolution of Jihad received widespread support because santri and local communities viewed jihad as part of religious obligation and deeply rooted local traditions in daily life.
- Political Approach
Politically, the Resolution of Jihad holds significant dimensions. During the independence revolution, Indonesia was in a political crisis, especially with the return of Allied forces accompanied by the Dutch. In this context, the Resolution of Jihad facilitated the involvement of scholars and santri in the national political struggle.
This movement illustrates that religion plays a role not only in spiritual life but also as a significant political force. The role of santri in the Battle of Surabaya and the involvement of scholars in formulating national political strategies demonstrate that Islamic politics in Indonesia has always intersected with nationalism.
- Religious Approach
From a religious perspective, the Resolution of Jihad utilizes the concept of jihad, which is theologically considered an obligation for Muslims when facing threats to their religion and homeland. This resolution not only calls for the defense of religion but also for the nation’s sovereignty. The concept of jihad used in the context of the Resolution of Jihad is defensive jihad, where defending the homeland is part of religious duty.
In commemorating Santri Day, this religious dimension remains relevant. Santri are remembered not only as religious students but also as fighters who understand that their responsibility as Muslims also includes dedication to the nation.
Conclusion
Commemorating Santri Day by reflecting on the Resolution of Jihad is an effort to honor the struggles of santri and scholars in defending Indonesia’s independence. Through a historical approach, we understand the context of their struggles. Sociological and anthropological approaches reveal how pesantren and the Muslim community play a crucial role in social movements. The political approach emphasizes the active involvement of santri in national politics, while the religious approach shows how jihad is understood as a religious and national obligation.
Thus, Santri Day is not just about commemorating the role of santri in the past but also reflects on how the values of religion, nationalism, and social responsibility can remain relevant in building Indonesia.
Santri Day is not merely an homage to the past but also a reminder to us all of the importance of upholding the values of struggle, nationalism, and dedication inherited from santri and scholars. The Resolution of Jihad has proven that santri are a vital pillar in the fight to uphold the nation’s sovereignty, and their contributions extend beyond mere religious teachings—they are the guardians of Indonesia’s integrity.
As we commemorate Santri Day, let us reflect on the spirit of jihad in a broader context—jihad in the sense of striving for the good, justice, and welfare of the nation. This spirit is not only relevant in times of war but also in building a sovereign, just, and prosperous nation.
By emulating the courage, steadfastness, and sacrifices of santri, we can strengthen our commitment to continue contributing to the homeland, each in our respective fields. The Resolution of Jihad is an everlasting reminder that the struggle for independence, justice, and unity must continue to live on in every step and work we undertake. Let us make Santri Day a momentum to keep fighting, loving, and building this nation with all our hearts.
References
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